On the scale of micro structures the human cell is quite large and can easily be entered by viral replicates and bacteria. Once inside the cell, pathogens are very difficult to treat. Recently, researchers at Purdue University, Assiut University (Egypt), and China Medical University (China) used PLGA (AP020) and PLGA-Rhodamine (AV011) from PolySciTech (www.polyscitech.com) to develop silver-pexiganan loaded nanoparticles designed to target bacteria even inside of cells. This research holds promise to improve therapies against intracellular bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics. Read more: Elnaggar, Marwa G., Kunyu Jiang, Hassan E. Eldesouky, Yihua Pei, Jinho Park, Simseok A. Yuk, Fanfei Meng et al. "Antibacterial nanotruffles for treatment of intracellular bacterial infection." Biomaterials (2020): 120344. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961220305901
“Abstract: Bacterial pathogens residing in host macrophages in intracellular infections are hard to eradicate because traditional antibiotics do not readily enter the cells or get eliminated via efflux pumps. To overcome this challenge, we developed a new particle formulation with a size amenable to selective macrophage uptake, loaded with two antibacterial agents - pexiganan and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Here, pexiganan was loaded in 600 nm poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles (NP), and the particle surface was modified with an iron-tannic acid supramolecular complex (pTA) that help attach Ag nanoparticles. PLGA particles coated with Ag (NP-pTA-Ag) were taken up by macrophages but not by non-phagocytic cells, such as fibroblasts, reducing non-specific toxicity associated with Ag nanoparticles. NP-pTA-Ag loaded with pexiganan (Pex@NP-pTA-Ag) showed more potent antibacterial activity against various intracellular pathogens than NP-pTA-Ag or Pex@NP (pexiganan-loaded NP with no Ag), suggesting a collaborative function between pexiganan and Ag nanoparticles. Mouse whole-body imaging demonstrated that, upon intravenous injection, NP-pTA-Ag quickly accumulated in the liver and spleen, where intracellular bacteria tend to reside. These results support that Pex@NP-pTA-Ag is a promising strategy for the treatment of intracellular bacterial infection. Keywords: Intracellular infection Pexiganan Silver nanoparticles Macrophages Intracellular drug delivery”
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